High speed tool



Feb. 12, 1963 D. E. s. GOTWALD, JR., ETAL 3,077,333

HIGH SPEED TOOL 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 20, 1960 INVENTORS OTWALD, JR.

DAVID E.S. G

CARL J. MUNGHEL BY/z ATTO NEY Feb. 12, 1963 D. E. s. GOTWALD, JR., ETAL 3,077,333

HIGH SPEED TOOL Filed May 20, 1960 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS DAVID E.S. GQTWALD,JR. BY CARL J- MUNCHEL A ORNEY' United States Patent Ofiiice 3,077,333 Patented Feb. 12, 1963 3,077,333 7 HIGH SPEED TOOL David E. S. Gotwald, IL, and Carl J. Munchel, York, Pa, assignors to The Dentists Supply Company of New York, York, Pa, a corporation of New York Filed May 20, 1960, Ser. No. 30,673 6 Claims. (Cl. 253--2) This invention relates to improvements in a high speed tool and, more particularly, to a high speed tool of the type in which a tool member is carried by a rotor operated at high speed by a turbine driven by gaseous fluid.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a high speed tool capable of a wide variety of uses on a large number of diiferent materials to either cut, grind, polish, or otherwise work upon the material, the effectiveness of the action of the tool member, per se, upon such material resulting from high speed rather than pressure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a high speed tool head capable of being held in a plurality of different positions relative to a supporting member, the invention including a number of inter-related connecting means selectively usable to connect the tool head, by which the tool member is carried, in one of a selective number of positions relative to the supporting member, whereby the tool assembly is rendered highly universal in operation and capable of performing a Wide variety of operations upon many different types of material, including very hard material such as carbide steel, when supported either manually or in one of a number of different powered machines.

A further object of the invention is to provide a plurality of devices for feeding gaseous fluid, under pressure, selectively to a desired inlet chosen from several provided on the head of the tool assembly, whereby the turbine readily is supplied with operating fluid, regardless of the selected means of attaching the tool head to the supporting member of the tool assembly.

Still another object of the invention is to provide exhaust means for gaseous fluid discharged from the turbine in the tool head after engaging the same, said discharge means being in the tool head of the tool assembly, as well as in the supporting means for said tool head, such discharge of gaseous fluid taking place at least partially through the bearings which support the turbine rotor, whereby lubricating mist entrained within the gaseous fluid by which the turbine is driven serves to lubricate the bearings adequately to render the same capable of long life.

Still another object of the invention is to provide supporting means for the tool or turbine head of the tool assembly for rotation about the axis of the rotor, and also provide adequate means for supplying gaseous fluid, under pressure, to said turbine to drive the same while the turbine head is being rotated, whereby the tool assembly is adapted for jig boring, grinding, and the like.

Details of the foregoing objects and of the invention, as well as other objects thereof, are set forth in the following specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings comprising a part thereof.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side elevation of one embodiment of elongated supporting means to which a turbine or tool head is connected in one position of attachment to comprise a high speed tool assembly in which the turbine rotor operates about an axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the supporting means.

FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but illustrating another position of attachment of the turbine or tool head to the supporting means, whereby the axis of the rotor of said head is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the supporting means and the conduit for feeding gaseous fluid, under pressure, to the turbine head is connected to the head in a different manner from that illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinally exploded view showing the supporting meansillustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, partly in section, and illustrating details of said supporting means.

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the head end of the tool assembly shown in FIG. 1, but on a larger scale than in FIG. 1, this view also showing certain components of the head in axially extended relationship.

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view of the structure shown in FIG. 4, as seen on the line 55 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional fragmentary view of the supporting arrangement of the head shown in FIG. 2 and employing a scale similar to that used in FIGS. 4 and 5.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of supporting means to which the turbine or tool head is connected, certain fragmentary portions of the structure being shownin full side elevation .so as to highlight certain details of the structure shown in section.

FIGS. 8 and 9 respectively are horizontal sectional plan views of certain details of the supporting means shown in FIG. 7, as seen respectively on the lines 8-8 and 99 of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the supporting means shown in FIG. 7.

Referring to the drawings, the embodiment of high speed tool unit illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 6 comprises a turbine or tool head 10 having means thereon to connect the same selectively in two different positions, to one embodiment of supporting means 12. The head 10 has a laterally extending, supporting projection comprising a neck 14. Referring to FIG. 4, in which the head 10 is shown in vertical sectional view and is connected to the supporting means 12 in the same manner as: illustrated in FIG. 1, it will be seen that the head It) has an internal cavity 16 which extends, in an axial direction, through the head 10 and is open at opposite ends. The lower end has an opening 18 and the upper end has an opening 2i) which is threaded internally. The cavity 16, preferably, is cylindrical.

Removably mounted within the cavity 16 of head 10 is a casing 22 which comprises two complementary halves somewhat resembling cup-like shells, respectively provided with seats 24 in the outer ends thereof. The open ends of the two shell-like halves of casing 22 abut each other, as clearly shown in FIG. 4, the interior casing 22 receiving the turbine rotor 26 which is provided with, preferably, radial vanes 28, as best shown in FIG. 5.

Extending from opposite ends through turbine rotor 26 is a hollow shaft 30, the opposite ends of which, respectively, are press-fitted through the inner races of upper and lower radial anti-friction bearings 32 and 34.

The outer races of said bearings respectively are received within the seats 24 in the opposite ends of casing 22. The assembly comprising casing 22, bearings 32. and 34, and the turbine rotor and shaft 26 and 30' is insertable within and removable from the cavity 16 of the head 10, as a unit and, for convenience, said unit or assembly may be referred to as a cartridge. The side walls of the two shells of casing 22 are provided with axially aligned recesses 36 which receive an elongated, U-shaped key 38. The wall of cavity 16 also is provided with a shallow groove 46 which is complementary to recesses 36 and receives the key 38 for a portion of its thickness, whereby key 33 prevents rotation of casing 22 about the axis of the turbine rotor 26 when the cartridge is mounted within the cavity 16 of head 10.

The hollow shaft 30 receives any suitable chucking means, such as a longitudinally split chuck 42, which is open at the lower end adjacent the opening 18 of head 10, the upper end of chuck 42 being completely cylindrical and internally threaded to receive a clamping screw 44. As is clearly shown in FIG. 4, the lower end of chuck 42, on its exterior, flares outwardly and downwar-dly and the lower end of the hollow interior of shaft 30 flares in a complementary manner, whereby when the screw 44 is rotated in one direction, the fingers of chuck 42 will be drawn upwardly into the hollow interior of shaft 30 so as to compress the fingers of the chuck about the walls of the shank 46 of a tool member, such as a grinding element, cutting element, polishing or burnishing member, or otherwise, it being intended that the illustration in FIG. 4 of a fragmentary portion of a shank shall sufiice to be representative of a wide range of different types and kinds, as well as shapes and sizes of tool members which can be accommodated by the chuck 42.

The lower portion of the cavity 16 Within head terminates in an annular seat 48 to receive the outer race of the projecting lower bearing 34 when the cartridge is positioned within the cavity It), as best shown in FIG. 4. There is also an annular relief space 51) to permit ready rotation of the inner race of the lower radial bearing 34. The cartridge is maintained in operative position within the cavity 16 by a cap 52 when the head is mounted relative to supporting means 12, as shown in FIG. 1, with the supporting projection 14 detachably connected to the supporting means 12. From FIG. 4, it readily will be seen that the cap 52 has an annular skirt 54 which is externally threaded to be complementary to the threaded interior of opening in the upper end of head It The interior of cap 52 also is provided with an annular shoulder 56 which abuts the upper end of the outer race of upper radial bearing 32 when the cap is threaded into the opening 20 and assumes the position shown in FIG. 1. Cap 52 also is provided with an annular clearance space 58 to permit free rotation of the inner race of the upper bearing when the shaft 30 of the turbine rotor 26 is rotating.

Head 52 also is provided with a transverse slot 60 for purposes of receiving an instrument, such as a screw driver, for purposes of tightening and loosening the cap 52 relative to head 10. Further, the cap 52 is provided with a circular opening 62 to accommodate the head of clamping screw 44 and also permit access to the same, particularly the wrench-receiving socket in the upper end thereof which is engageable by an Allen wrench, or the like, for purposes of tightening and loosening the jaws of the chuck 42 relative to the shank of a tool member.

Extending in a generally longitudinal direction through the supporting projection or neck 14 is an inlet opening 64, the end of which nearest the head 10 is disposed substantially tangentially to the interior of casing 22. Said casinghas an inlet opening or port 56 therein and also an exhaust or discharge port 68 which communicates with an exhaust channel 70 in neck 14 that terminates in a lateral exhaust opening 72 through which gaseous fluid is discharged to atmosphere after it has accomplished its work of driving the turbine rotor at high speeds.

The turbine rotor 26 may be of a range of different sizes, for example, from approximately 4 inch in diameter to 1 inch or more in diameter, depending upon the speed, torque, and other work characteristics which are desired to be developed by the turbine, in accordance with a particular type of work to be performed by the tool member 46 carried by the turbine rotor and chuck 42. Primarily, it is intended that the turbine shall operate at relatively high speeds of the order of between 200,000 and 400,000 r.p.m. or upwards, for example, whereby the operation and effectiveness of tne tool member 46 results principally from speed rather than pressure against the surface of an object being worked upon by the tool member 46.

Referring particularly to FIG. 4, it will be seen that the supporting means 12 is provided with an axial opening 74, one end of which has internal threads 76 and the opposite end of which terminates in an exteriorly threaded extension 78 which is hollow and comprises the outer end of axial opening 74 within supporting means 12. From FIGS. 2 and 3, it will be seen that an internally threaded cap piece 80, which has a discharge constricting hole 82 in the outer end thereof, is arranged to be threaded onto the extension '78 for several purposes. One is to clamp the guide member S4 onto the threaded extension '78 and a second is to provide a constricted exhaust opening or port for the outer end of axial opening 74 within supporting means 12. Discharge constricting hole 82 cooperates with other constricting outlets from the turbine chamber to maintain a desired positive operating pressure of gaseous fluid within the interior of head 10, and particularly the interior of casing 22, at all times while the rotor is rotating.

The diameter of the opening 18 in the lower part of head 10 is only very slightly larger than the outer diameter of shaft 30 which, preferably, projects at least to the outer surface of the lower end of head it), and preferably slightly beyond, as shown in FIG. 4. Further, the opening 62 in cap 52 is only sufficiently larger than the head of clamping screw 44 that relatively slight clearance is disposed therebet-ween, whereby the clearances at both the upper and lower ends of the head 10 relative to the rotating portions of the turbine rotor and its shaft, as well as the chuck means, provide a relatively constricted outlet for gaseous fluid which is fed to the inlet opening 64 of the supporting neck 14, under adequate pressure to drive the turbine rotor 26 at a desired high speed.

Gaseous fluid, such as air, upon leaving the vanes 28 of the rotor 26, is discharged substantially in opposite axial directions respectively through the annular seats 24 in opposite ends of the casing 22 and the spaces between the inner and outer races of the radial bearings 32 and 3-4, thereby cooling the bearings. Further, inasmuch as the gaseous fluid which is furnished to the high speed tool, under pressure, likewise preferably contains a predetermined proportion of fine oil mist therein, gaseous fluid passes through the bearings 32 and 34 so as to both lubricate and cool them prior to the gaseous fluid finally being discharged from the head 10 either through the constricted openings in the upper and lower ends of the head It or the exhaust opening 72 in supporting neck 14. It has been found, further, that iaximum eificiency and performance of the turbine rotor is achieved if there is at all times a certain positive pressure of gaseous fluid maintained within the interior of casing 22, and the size and arrangement of said constricted discharge means are such that adequate positive pressure is maintained at all times within the interior of casing 22 and head 10.

To enhance the range of uses to which the high speed tool assembly may be put, it will be seen that the head 10 maybe mounted in either of two positions relative to supporting means 12, respectively illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, as Well as, correspondingly, in FIGS. 4 and 6. In the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, it will be seen that the axis of the head in extends transversely to the axis of elongated, substantially tubular, supporting means 12; whereas in FIGS. 2 and 6, the turbine head 10 is connected to the same end of supporting means 12, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, but with the axis of the turbine head 10 extending coaxially of the axis of said supporting means 12. Further, the different supporting arrangements are such, for example, that, when the actual connecting means are arranged in one position of engagement for attachment of the turbine head relative to the supporting means, other connecting means are utilized for purposes as connecting a flexible tube, for example, to the turbine head so as to form a means for directing gaseous fluid, under pressure, to the turbine head to drive the turbine therein. Hence, dual functions are provided for such connecting means, details of which will now be described.

Supporting neck 14 terminates at its outer end in an externally threaded extension 86 provided with an axial opening extending therethrough which communicates, c0- axially, with central inlet opening 88. When the axis of head is transverse to that of supporting means 12, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, any suitable conducting means, such as a flexible tube 90, is connected at its delivery end to the threaded extension 78 of supporting means 12 so as to deliver gaseous fluid, under pressure, to the turbine head 10 to drive the turbine thereof.

In order to secure the turbine head against accidental separation from the supporting end of supporting means 12, a collar 92 is formed upon said supporting end of means 12 to receive a set screw 94. The set screw operates against a pressure plug 96, the inner end of which has a face having a configuration complementary to the external threads of extension 86. Hence, when the set screw 94 is threaded inwardly to lock the threaded extension 86 against rotation relative to the internal threads 76 of supporting means 12, the external threads of extension 86 will not be damaged. Further, as will be seen particularly from FIG. 4, the supporting end of supporting means 12 is provided with external threads 98 which are complementary to the internal threads in upper opening of head 10. When the head 10 is positioned upon supporting means 12, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the external threads 98 of means 12, preferably, are protected by a threaded guard ring 100.

The embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 is designed, primarily, as a manually operable high speed tool'assembly, the turbine head 10 being selectively positionable, as shown either in FIGS. 1 or 2, depending upon whether the axis of the turbine head is desired to be transverse to or coaxial with the axis of the supporting means 12. As seen, in said figures, supporting means 12 is suitably shaped that it might be held in the human hand in a manner similar to that of a pen or pencil. However, this embodiment of the invention is not restricted to manual use inasmuch as the supporting means 12, preferably being formed from round metal stock, is capable of being held in a suitable machine, such as a jig borer, milling machine, tail stock of a lathe, or otherwise.

Further, it will be seen that when the turbine head 10 is connected to supporting means 12 so that the axis of the head 10 is transverse to the axis of means 12, the threaded extension 86 on supporting neck 14 is threadably received within the supporting end of supporting means 12 and gaseous fluid, under pressure, is fed to the turbine rotor through the inlet opening arrangements in supporting neck 14. However, by removing cap 52 from head 10 and threaded ring 100 from external threads 98 of supporting means 12, the external threads 98 may be threaded Within the upper opening 20 in head 10 so as to provide an arrangement such as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6. The supporting end of elongated means 12 is provided with an interior annular space 102 which accommodates the upper end of bearing 32 and the annular inner end of said space abuts against the outer end of the outer race of said upper bearing 32 so as to clamp the same firmly within its seat 24 in the upper end of casing 22.

Further, in regard to the arrangement shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the threaded extension 86 of neck 14, rather than being threaded into the supporting end of supporting means 12, is connected to one end of flexible tube 90 through which gaseous fluid, under pressure, is fed to the turbine of the head 10, while the axial opening 74 within supporting means 12 functions as a discharge conduit for air exiting through the upper radial bearing 32 incident to cooling and lubricating the same. Under such circumstances, the constricted hole 82, in the outer end of cap piece 80 serves to maintain desired pressure of gaseous fluid within the turbine cavity provided in casing 22 and head 10. The cap piece 80 also clamps guide member 84, for flexible tube 90, to supporting means 12.

In the embodiment of supporting means shown in FIGS.

7 through 10, it will be seen that the elongated supporting means 104 is provided with connecting means comprising external threads 106 at one end which are complementary to the internally threaded connecting means in the opening 20 in the upper end of turbine head 10, whereby the threads 106 function similarly to the externally threaded connecting means 98 on the support-ing end of the supporting means 12 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 6. In View of the smaller scale employed in FIG. 7 relative to the details of the interior elements of turbine head 10, attention is directed to FIGS. 4 and 6 for such interior details, due to the larger scale employed in these two latter figures, it being understood that the turbine head 10 substantially is the same in both embodiments of the invention.

The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 7 through 10 primarily is intended to be used, for example, as a jig borer or a jig grinding attachment, the end of the supporting means 104 opposite the threaded end 106 thereof comprising a shank 108 which is received in a chuck 110 or other supporting means of a power tool, such as a milling machine, or the like. Inasmuch as the chuck 110 is representative of a number of different types of supporting means, some of which may be rotatable, for example, the chuck is only fragmentarily illustrated and is shown in phantom. It is to be understood further that the chuck 110 may either be of a stationary or rotatable nature, as well as being movable axially, if desired, either with or without rotation.

In the specific illustration of this embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 7, the supporting means 104 has an internal bore or passage 112 extending axially throughout the length thereof, principally constituting an exhaust passage for gaseous fluid, under pressure, as discharged from the upper bearing 32 of the turbine head 10. Further, in this embodiment of the supporting means, it is preferred that transverse discharge passages 114 also extend outward from axial passage 112. As in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 6, the exhaust opening 72 provided in the supporting neck 14 of the turbine head 10, likewise, is used for gaseous exhaust functions, as in the preceding embodiment.

Gaseous fluid, under pressure, is delivered to the turbine head 10 by means which will permit rotation of the head 10 about its axis, such as when the shank 108 of supporting means 104 is held operatively within a rotating chuck 110. Such rotation of the head 10 is in addition to the rotation of the turbine rotor 26 and chuck 42 in the shaft of the rotor. It will be seen from FIG. 7 that the construction of supporting means 104- is such that there is a central cylindrical portion 116 which contains the internal passage 112, the lower end of central portion 116 terminating in an enlarged head 118 having an annular groove extending inward from one face of the head 118, as clearly shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

Communicating tangentially with head 118 is a delivery nozzle 122. A short length of flexible tubing 124 is positioned upon the outer bulbous end 126 of delivery nozzle 122 and the opposite end thereof is fitted onto the threaded extension 86 of supporting neck 114 of turbine head 10, as clearly shown in FIG. 7. Surrounding the central portion 116 of supporting means 104 adjacent enlarged head 118, is an annular member 128 somewhat resembling a collector ring, said member having an annular groove 130 therein. Extending tangentially into annular member 128 is an inlet tube 132 having a bulbous outer end 134, the inner end of tube 132 communicating with annular groove 130 of member 128. Connected to the outer end 134 of tube 132 is one end of a flexible tube 136 comprising a delivery tube through which gaseous fluid, under pressure, is delivered to the fluid-feeding arrangement for the turbine head 10 when connected to the sup-porting means 104 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 through 10. From FIGS. 8 through 10 it therefore will be seen that the gaseous fluid enters annular distributor 128 tangentially at one side of the axis of supporting means 104, passes around in circular grooves 120 and 130,'and is discharged from head 118 tangentially at the opposite side of the axis of supporting means 104. Hence, no abrupt turns or reversal of direction of movement of the gaseous fluid takes place, thereby producing maximum efiiciency in delivering such gaseous fluid, under pressure, to the turbine of head 10.

The annular member 128 preferably is held in slidable abutment against the upper face of enlarged head 118 by a suitable thrust bearing 138 which is mounted within a suitable seat within the enlarged lower end 140 of an outer sleeve 142 which surrounds and is concentric with central cylindrical portion 116 of support-ing means 104. Sleeve 142 may be held firmly in assembled relationship with central portion 116 by any suitable means, such as a set screw 144.

If desired, especially to simplify the construction of the composite supporting means 164, the central cylindrical portion 116 and outer sleeve 142 surrounding the same maybe made integral, under which circumstance, the enlarged head 118 could be threadably connected to the lower end of central portion 116, whereby the annular member 128 could be secured against the thrust bearing 138 by the threaded connection of enlarged head 118 with the threaded lower end of central portion 116, a set screw similar to 144 being employed to hold the enlarged head 118 against rotation upon its supporting means after it has been threaded sufficiently against annular member 128.

The construction of the supporting means shown in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 7 through 10 is such that the supporting means and turbine head 10 carried thereby may be rotated at relatively high speeds by a supporting means, such as chuck 116), for example, while the annular member 128 remains substantially stationary. Although the member 128 has only a sliding or wiping fit with the upper surface of enlarged head 118, nevertheless, a slight amount of space, preferably, is provided between such adjacent surfaces, whereby a limited amount of gaseous fluid can escape therebetween and, simultaneously, carry with it lubricating mist sufficient to lubricate said surfaces for movement relative to each other and thereby prevent any frictional binding or other undesired results from occurring between said two surfaces. For purposes of lubricating the thrust bearing 128, one or more outlet holes 146 may be formed in the wall of central cylindrical portion 116 to provide communication between the bearing 138 and the internal passage 112 through which air is discharged after passing through the. upper bearing 32 in the turbine head 10. to cool and lubricate the same.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that the present invention provides a high speed tool assembly having several embodiments of supporting means capable of being connected, selectively, with diiferent portions of a turbine head of said tool assembly, whereby a tool member carried by the chuck of the turbine of said turbine head may be operated in a plurality of different positions relative to the supporting means and, at least in certain of said positions, while the turbine head is being rotated about the axis of the tool. Means are also included to supply gaseous fluid, under pressure, to the turbine head in the Various positions of connection thereto relative to the supporting means, and the connecting means between the turbine head and supporting means serves a plurality of functions between the turbine head, supporting means,

and conduits which supply fluid, under pressure, to the turbine head, thereby minimizing the number of parts required to provide effective means for supporting a turbine head in a plurality of different positions relative to supporting means comprising part of the high speed tool assembly incorporating the principles of the present invention in several embodiments of supporting means.

While the invention has been described in and illustrated in its several preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the 8 precise details herein illustrated and described, since the same may be carried out in other ways falling within the scope of the invention as claimed.

We claim:

1. A high speed tool comprising, in combination, a head having a cavity extending axially thereof and having openings at opposite ends, a supporting projection extending laterally from one side of said head and having a passage therethrough into said cavity, a turbine rotor supported within said cavity of said head for rotation about the axis thereof and having means to be connected to a rotatable tool when extending through one of the openings in one end of said head, connecting means respectively on the other end of said head and outer end of said supporting projection, supporting means having a conducting passage therethrough and additional connecting means thereon complementary respectively to and connectable selectively with said aforementioned connecting means on said head and supporting projection to connect said head to said supporting means for support thereby selectively with the axis of the rotor positioned coaxially with or transverse to the axis of said supporting means, and conduit means connectable to a source of gaseous fluid under pressure and selectively connectable to the passages of said projection and supporting means to deliver gaseous fluid under pressure to said head to drive the turbine rotor therein when said head is connected to said supporting means in either of said aforesaid relative positions of the axes thereof.

2. A high speed tool comprising, in combination, a head having a cavity extending axially thereof and having openings at opposite ends, a supporting projection extending from one side of said head transversely to the axis thereof andhaving a passage therethrough into said cavity, the outer end of said projection being threaded to provide connecting means thereon and fluid exhaust port means in said projection communicating at one end with the cavity of said head and at the other end communicating directly with the atmosphere, a turbine rotor supported within said cavity of said head for rotation about the axis thereof and having means to be connected to a rotatable tool when extending through one of the openings in one end of said head, connecting means on the other end of said head, supporting means having a conducting passage therethrough and additional connecting means complementary respectively to and engageable selectively with said connecting means on said supporting projection and head to connect said head to said supporting means selectively with the axis of the rotor coaxial with or transverse to said supporting means, and conduit means connectable to a source of gaseous fluid under pressure and selectively connectable to the passages of said supporting projection and supporting means to deliver gaseous fluid under pressure to said head to drive the turbine rotor therein when said head is connected to said supporting means in either of said aforesaid relative positions of the axes thereof.

3. A high speed tool comprising, in combination, a head having a cavity extending axially thereof and having openings at opposite ends, a supporting projection extending laterally from one side of said head transverse- 1y to the axis thereof and having a passage therethrough into said cavity, the outer end of said projection being threaded to provide connecting means thereon and said projection having fluid exhaust port means communicatmg with the cavity of said head and arranged to discharge to atmosphere, a turbine rotor supported within said cavity of said head for rotation about the axis thereof and having means to be connected to a rotatable tool when extending through one of the openings in one end of said head, connecting means on the other end of said head, elongated supporting means having a conducting passage therethrough and additional connecting means on one end thereof complementary respectively to and engageable selectively with said connecting means on said supporting projection and head to connect said head to said supporting means selectively With the axis of the rotor coaxial with or transverse to said supporting means, means on the opposite end of said elongated supporting means connectable to a conduit means for gaseous fluid to be directed against said turbine to rotate it, and conduit means connectable to a source of gaseous fluid under pressure and selectively connectable to the threaded connecting means of said projection and the connectable means on said opposite end of said supporting means to deliver gaseous fluid under pressure to said head to drive the turbine rotor therein when said head is connected to said supporting means in either of said aforesaid relative positions of the axes thereof.

4. The high speed tool set forth in claim 3 further including cap means respectively and selectively connectable to said opposite end of said elongated supporting means and said other end of said head when the latter are not connected to said conduit means and supporting means respectively, said cap means having constricting discharge holes therein operable to discharge gaseous fluid therethrough at a predetermined rate, thereby to maintain gaseous fluid under positive pressure Within said head While the turbine therein is operating.

5. A high speed tool comprising, in combination, a head having a cavity extending axially thereof and having openings at opposite ends thereof, a supporting projection extending laterally from one side of said head transversely to the axis thereof and having a passage extending therethrough into said cavity, the outer end of said supporting projection being externally threaded to provide connecting means, a turbine rotor supported within said cavity of said head for rotation about the axis thereof and having means to be connected to a rotatable tool when extending through one of the openings in one end of said head, the opening in the other end of said head being internally threaded to provide other connecting means, elongated supporting means having a passage therethrough and one end thereof having a plurality of additional connecting means comprising internal and external threads respectively complementary to and engageable with said aforementioned threaded connecting means in the other opening of said head and on the outer end of said supporting projection selectively to connect said elongated supporting means directly to said head and supporting projection with the axis of the rotor coaxial with or transverse to said supporting means, and conduit means having one end connectable to a source of gaseous fluid under pressure and the other end thereof being connecta'ble selectively to said supporting projection and one end of said elongated supporting means so as to be in communication with the passages therein, thereby to deliver gaseous fluid under pressure to said head to drive the turbine rotor therein when said head is connected to said supporting means in either of said aforesaid relative positions of the axes thereof.

6. The high speed tool set forth in claim 5 further including cap means respectively and selectively connectable to said opposite end of said elongated supporting means and said other end or" said head when the latter are not connected to said conduit means and supporting means respectively, said cap means having constricting discharge holes therein operable to discharge gaseous fit id therethrough at a predetermined rate, thereby to maintain gaseous fluid under positive pressure within said head while the turbine therein is operating.

References Qited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,010,421 Terry Aug. 6, 1935 2,690,012 Kaltenbach Sept. 28, 1954 2,397,596 Maurer Aug. 4, 1959 FOREIGN PATENTS 537,503 Germany Nov. 4, 1931 645,249 Great Britain Oct. 25, 1950 

1. A HIGH SPEED TOOL COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, A HEAD HAVING A CAVITY EXTENDING AXIALLY THEREOF AND HAVING OPENINGS AT OPPOSITE ENDS, A SUPPORTING PROJECTION EXTENDING LATERALLY FROM ONE SIDE OF SAID HEAD AND HAVING A PASSAGE THERETHROUGH INTO SAID CAVITY, A TURBINE ROTOR SUPPORTED WITHIN SAID CAVITY OF SAID HEAD FOR ROTATION ABOUT THE AXIS THEREOF AND HAVING MEANS TO BE CONNECTED TO A ROTATABLE TOOL WHEN EXTENDING THROUGH ONE OF THE OPENINGS IN ONE END OF SAID HEAD, CONNECTING MEANS RESPECTIVELY ON THE OTHER END OF SAID HEAD AND OUTER END OF SAID SUPPORTING PROJECTION, SUPPORTING MEANS HAVING A CONDUCTING PASSAGE THERETHROUGH AND ADDITIONAL CONNECTING MEANS THEREON COMPLEMENTARY RESPECTIVELY TO AND CONNECTABLE SELECTIVELY WITH SAID AFOREMENTIONED CONNECTING MEANS ON SAID HEAD AND SUPPORTING PROJECTION TO CONNECT SAID HEAD TO SAID SUPPORTING MEANS FOR SUPPORT THEREBY SELECTIVELY WITH THE AXIS OF THE ROTOR POSITIONED COAXIALLY WITH OR TRANSVERSE TO THE AXIS OF SAID SUPPORTING MEANS, AND CONDUIT MEANS CONNECTABLE TO A SOURCE OF GASEOUS FLUID UNDER PRESSURE AND SELECTIVELY CONNECTABLE TO THE PASSAGES OF SAID PROJECTION AND SUPPORTING MEANS TO DELIVER GASEOUS FLUID UNDER PRESSURE TO SAID HEAD TO DRIVE THE TURBINE ROTOR THEREIN WHEN SAID HEAD IS CONNECTED TO SAID SUPPORTING MEANS IN EITHER OF SAID AFORESAID RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE AXES THEREOF. 